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J. J. KBENAN. HYDRAULIG AIR COMPRESSOR.

Pamenmed ont. 8,1895.

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No. 547,519. l Patented Oct. 8, 1895.

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ANDREW BJHIAMAMA PHDOLITHQWASHINGI'ONLL UNITED STATES PAT-ENT Orsrcs.

JOHN J. KEENAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO THE KEENAN BROTHERS MANUFACTURING'COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

HYDRAULIC AIR-COMPRESSOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part Vof :Letters Patent No. 547,519, dated October 8,1895.

Y pulman nea June 2, 51894.. ,serial No. 513,305. (Numtel.)

To all whom/ zit may concern,.- 1 y' l Be it known that I, JOHN J. KEENAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Air- Compressors; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming apart of this specification. This invention relates more especially to that type of reciprocating air-compressors in which the pressure of city water-supply `is employed to compress air for forcing beer and like uses; and the present improvements have for their objects, first, to provide a simple, durable, and /efcient construction and arrangement of Ithe reversing-valves and communicating ports or passages of the watercylinder of such type of reciprocatingeaircompressors; second, to provide a positive and automatic mechanism for insuring a reversal of the valves of the water-cylinderat the end of each stroke; third, to vprovide a convenient and effective construction and arrangement of the air inlet and outlet valves for the air-cylinderof the compressor. I attain such objects by the construction vand arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improve air-compressor, illustrating fthe general arrangement of the saine; Fig. 2, an enlarged detail longitudinal sectional elevation illustrating the pressure-reversing valves, valvereversing mechanism, &c., of the apparatus;

. Fig. 3,a transverse section of the same at line @c fc, Fig. 2; Figs. 4 and 5, detail c'rosssections at lines m :rand @o2 x2, respectively.

Similar numerals of reference indicate like.

parts in the different views.

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents the water-cylinder, and 2 the air-cylinder, each provided with the usual piston connected together, so as to move in unison, by the usual piston-rod 3, xedly connected to both pistons. Both cylinders will consist of the cylindrical body portions and end caps or heads 4, 5, 6, and 7, closingl the respective ends of the cylinders, the inner or adjacent heads 5 and 6 being provided with stuffing-boxes 8 and 9 for the passage of the piston-rod.

' In the present improvement the cylinders 1 and 2 are connected together in proper relative position by means of the intermediate 1casting 10, flanged at each end, as shown, and vscrewed or bolted to the respective end caps 5 and 6, such castings preferably forming a vpart of the casing of the reversing-valve of the water-cylinder.

, The valve-casing consists of an outer casing ll, arranged longitudinally with its bore lformed by a cylindrical lining 12, secured in .place by the cap-nuts13 and 14 at each end, jasv shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The casing 11 is cored or chambered out to form at its midlength the laterally-extending water-inlet port or passage 15,-the counterpart outlet ports or passages 16, at each side of the passage -15, and which are combined in a single main outlet port or passage, and the longitudinally-arranged ports or passages 17 and 18, that connect with the respective ends of the water-cylinder 1, the port 17 extending in the form of a cored passage in the intermedi-` ate casting 10, and through the water cylinder cap or head 5, as shown iu-Fig. 2, while vthe passage 18 is connected by a section of pipe 19 with the hollow neck 2O of the outer cap or head 4 of the water-cylinder, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In the construction shown the pipe section 19 is shown connected in place at its outer end by a screw-joint with the hollow neck 20, and its other end by a packing-gland connection 21 with the valve-casing, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. With this construction a very ready attachment and detachment of such pipe-section can be effected when required. Within the bore of the cylindrical lining 12 the reversing-valve has a reciprocating movement to reverse the currents ot water in the .operation of the apparatus, and to this end ton-rod 26 by means of the spreader-collars 27 and the fixed collar 28 and attaching-nut 29. The piston-heads 23 and 24 are some dis#v tance apart, as shown, so that they will lie at either side of the centrally-arranged water-in- IOO let port or passage, the wall of the lining 12 at such point being cut away, so that the interior of the said cylindrical lining between the two pistons will he in communication with the water-inlet port, as shown. The cylindrical lining 12 is also perforated or cut away along the path of the pistons to form the communieating-passages 30 3l between the water inlet 15 and the ports 17 and 18, extending to the respective ends of the water-cylinder, and communicating-passages 32 33 between the aforesaid passages 17 and 18 and the outlet port or passage 16, the construction being such that with the inlet open and outlet closed at one end of the valve-chamber, the inlet will be closed and the outlet open at the other end of the chamber.

Motion is communicated to the Valve by means of a rock'arm 34, arranged within the water-inlet port 15, upon a transverse rockshaft 35, with its free end adapted to bear against the collars 28 to impart intermittent rectilinear reciprocation to the reversingvalve, the collars 28 being arranged some distance apart, as shown, so as to allow of some independent movement of the rock-arm 34, for the purpose hereinafter set forth. The rock-shaft 35 extends out at the side of the inlet-port through a stuffing-box 3G in the side wall of said port, and may extend back and be supported also by the bearingbushing 37 in the main supporting-base of the apparatus.

15 is a cap closing an opening in the top of the inlet-chamber 15, through which access may be had on the removal of said cap to the valve mechanism inclosed in said water inlet chamber. Motion is communicated to this rock-shaft 35 by means of a cross-head 38, secured on the main piston-rod 3 and carrying at one end a roller 38', that in the movement of said piston rod alternately bears against and depresses a longitudinallyextending beam or lever 39, that is connected at its mid-length with the rock-shaft 35, the ends 49 of such beam being upturned, as shown, so as to be in the path of the roller 38 on the main piston-rod. At its opposite end the cross-head 38 carries a roller41, that moves upon a track 42, formed on the casting 10, and adapted to hold the cross-head in proper horizontal position during its action ot' imparting movement to the rock-lever 39.

43 is the lower member or arm of a toggle mechanism secured to the operating rockshaft 35 of the reversing-valve either directly or as an integral part of the operating-beam 39.

44 is the upper member or arm of such toggle, one end of which connects with the end ofthe arm 43 and the other end with the sliding spring-head 45, arranged to move in a statfonary housing46,withaspring47interposed, and which is brought under compression by an upward movement of the head 43, due to a straightening of the toggle mechanism in the operation of the compressor.

48 48 are lateral air inletoutlet necks formed on the respective end caps G and 7 of the air-cylinder 2.

49 49 are counterpart valve-casings containing the respective air inlet and outlet valves for the dilerent ends of the air-cylinder, such casings being arranged longitudinally and connected by lateral necks 48 with the aircylinder and with the main outlet-pipe 5l, common to both valve-casings, by the packing-glands 52 orother equivalent connections ou the adjacent ends of such Valve-casings. Each valve-casing is divided into two chambers 54 and 55, that communicate, respect ively, with the inlet-outlet neck of the air-cyl inder and with the main outlet-pipe 5l, as shown in Fig. 2. The air-inlet valve 56 s arranged in the chamber 54 and the air-outlet valve 57 in the chamber 55, and each valve will usually consist of a cylindrical rubber nipple having a cone-shaped end that is slitted across to form a pair of lips that open outwardly with pressure from the interior of the valve and close tightly with a pressure external to the valve.

58 is a hollow plug screwing into the valvecasing and packed against the outer edge of the same by a packing-ring 59 and against the wall 53 by a packingring 60. This plug at its outer end is provided with a milled head 61, by which it is screwed into place, and at its opposite end with ashank 62, on which the rubber outlet-valve 57 is secured, as shown. G3 represents cross ports or passages connecting the interior of such plug with the chamber 54 of the valve-casing.

64 is a tubular plug screwed into the bore of the plug 58 and packed against the outer edge of the same by a packing-ring G5. The plug is also provided at its outer end with a milled head 66 and at its opposite end with a shank G7, on which the rubber inlet-valve 5G is secured, as shown in Fig. 2.

68 is an outlet-nipple midway of the main outlet-pipe 51 and to which hose connection is made to carry away the supply of coinpressed air.

The operation of my improved air compressor is as follows, the parts being in the position illustrated in Fig. 2' of the drawings: Water under pressure flows from the main inlet 15, through the ports 30 and 17, into the right-hand end of the water-cylinder 1, and the piston is forced to the left, the escape or waste from the other end of said cylinder taking place through the neck 20, pipe 19, passage 18, port 33,and main outlet-port 1G. Such position of the parts is maintained until the piston nearly reaches the end ot its stroke, when the roller 38 depresses theleft-hand end 40 ofthe lever 39 to straighten the toggle mechanism 43 44 and compress the spring 47 within the casing 46. During this compression of the spring 47 no movement of the reversing-valve takes place and its ports remain in a fully open condition, the rock-arm 34 moving independently during such period A further from one collar 28 to the other.

continued movement of the main piston carries the toggle mechanism over its center and at,the same time begins an'initial reversal movementJ of the valves, which is completed in an independent manner by the spring 47 acting upon the toggle-levers to force them down into a position opposite to that shown in Fig. 2 and cause a movement of the valve to the right, closing the port to the water-pressure and the port 33 to the waste and opening the port 31 to water-pressure and the port 32 to the waste, when a reverse movement of the main piston will take place to the right until an automatic reversal is effected in a similar manneras it nears the end of its stroke.

Having thus fully described my said invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a reciprocating air compressor, the combination of the water and air cylinders,a reversingvalve `mechanism for the water cylinder consisting of a longitudinally arranged outer casing, 11, formed with a centrally arranged inlet port 15, end outlet ports 16, a tubular lining 12, formed with ports 30, 31, 32 and 33, a pair of piston valves 23 and 24, and means for operating said valves in an automatic manner, substantially as set forth.

2. In a reciprocating air compressor, the combination of the water and air cylinders, a reversing valve mechanism for the water cylinder consisting of alongitudinally arranged outer casing 11, formed with a centrally arranged inlet port 15, and end outlet ports 16, a tubular lining 12, formed with ports 30, 31, 32, and 33, end caps 13, and 14, securing the lining in place, a pair of piston valves 23 and 24, moving in the tubular lining, and means for operating said valves in an automatic manner, substantially as set forth.

3. In a reciprocating air compressor, the combination of the water and air cylinders, a reversing-valve mechanism for the water cylinder consisting of a longitudinally arranged outer casing 11, formed with ports or passages 15, 16, 17 and l8, a packing gland at the end of the port 18, a hollow neck on the cylinder head of the water cylinder 4, a connecting section of pipe 19, a pair of longitudinally moving reversing valves for the water cylinder arranged within the casing 11, and means for operating said valves in an automatic manner, substantially as set forth.

4. In a reciprocating air compressor, the combination of the water and air cylinders, a reversing valve mechanism for the water cylinder consisting of a longitudinally arranged outer casing 11, formed with ports or passages 15, 16, 17 and 18, a pair of connected piston valves arranged to move longitudinallyin said casing, a rock arm 34, arranged to move inthe water pressure port 15, upon a rock shaft, and means for automatically operating said rock shaft and arm, substantially as set forth.

5. In a reciprocating air compressor, the combination of the water and air cylinders, a

reversing valve mechanism for the water cylinder consisting of a longitudinally arranged outer casin g 1 1, formed with ports or passages 15, 16, 17 and 18, a pair of connected piston valves arranged to move longitudinally in said casing, a rock arm 34, arranged in the water inlet passage a rock shaft 35, a lever 39, actuated by the movement of the main piston rod, a toggle mechanism, and an elastic means tending to force said toggle mechanism into a bent position, substantially as set forth.

6. In a reciprocating air compressor, the combination of the water and air cylinders, a reversing valve mechanism for the water cylinder consisting of a longitudinally arranged outer casing 11, formed with ports or passages 15, 16, 17 and 18, a pair of connected piston valves arranged to move longitudinally in said casing, a rock arm 34, arranged in the Water inlet passage, a rock shaft 35, a lever 39, a toggle mechanism consisting of links 43,44, and head 45, a spring 47, and a fixed housing 46, substantially as set forth.

7. In a reciprocating air compressor, the combination of the water and air cylinders, a valve mechanism for the air compressor cylinder consisting of an air inlet-outlet neck on the cylinder head, valve casing 49, connected therewith and divided into chambers 54 and 55, hollow plug 58, screwing endwise into the casing and provided with a head 61, and a shank 62, and a valve 57, arranged on said shank 62, substantially as set forth.

8. Ina reciprocating air compressor, the combination of the water and air cylinders,'a valve mechanism for the air com presser cylinder consisting of an air inlet-outlet neck onthe cylinder head, valve casing 49, connected therewith, and divided into chambers 54 and 55, hollow plug 58, screwing endwise into the casing and provided with a head 61, and a shank 62, a valve 57, arranged on said shank 62, and packing rings 59 and 60, substantially as set forth.

9. In a reciprocating air compressor, the combination of the water and air cylinders, a valve mechanism for the air compressor cylinder consisting of an air inlet-outlet neck on the cylinder head, valve casing 49, connected therewith, anddivided into chambers 54 and 55, hollow plug 58, screwing endwise into the casing and provided with a head 61, a shank 62, and orifice 63, a valve 57 arranged on said shank, a secondary tubular plugscrewin g into the bore of the hollow plug 58, and carrying the valve 56, substantially as set forth.

10. In a reciprocating air compressor, the combination of the water and air cylinders, a valve mechanism for the air compressor cylinder consisting of an air inlet-outlet neck on the cylinder head, valve casing 49, connected therewith, and divided into chambers 54 and 55, hollow plug 58, screwing endwise into the casing and provided with a head 61, a shank 62, and orifice 63, a valve 57, arranged on said shank, a secondary tubular plug screwing into the bore of the hollow plug 58, provided withV IOC IIC)

a head G6, and shank 67, the valve, secured head, and a stationary guide track, guiding to said shank, and a packing ring G5, subthe other arm of the cross head, substantially stantially as set, forth. as set forth. t

11. In a reciprocating air compressor, the In testimony whereof Witness my hand this 5 combination of the Water and air cylinders, a 28th day of May, 1894.

reversing valve mechanism for the water cylinder, a rock shaft and arm operating said JOHN 'I' KEENAN valve, a cross head on the main piston rod In presence ofhaving two arms, an operating lever on the ROBERT BURNS, ro rock shaft actuated by one arm of the cross JOHN E. MULLEN. 

